Merchant of Venice – Shylock

Shylock is â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† In William Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Merchant of Venice,† there are numerous topics, images and words the same which take on a mind boggling and double nature. Not exclusively can lines in the play be deciphered by the crowd in different manners, they are intended to have numerous implications. This duality can be found in the characters also. Shylock is depicted as both a casualty and a scalawag and our feeling of him develops as his character is uncovered to us as â€Å"The Merchant of Venice. We are first acquainted with Shylock in Act I Scene III when we find out about his activity as a moneylender. During this timeframe, Jewish individuals were extremely constrained in the occupations they could acquire; they were looked downward on by, and on the edge of, society. While the Christians could loan cash, it was indecent and against chapel rule for them to charge any kind of premium, it was usurious. Be that as it may, th ere was nothing to prohibit Jewish loan specialists from getting by charging interest. They did as such to endure and were scorned for such a â€Å"immoral and disgraceful† practice. Bassanio goes to Shylock for a credit to be given in Antonio's name. Upon Antonio’s entering, Shylock shows his contempt for Antonio in an aside, â€Å"How like a groveling publican he looks! /I despise him for he is Christian,/yet more for that in low effortlessness/he loans out cash gratis†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1. 1. 41-45). His disdain is double in nature; Antonio loans cash without enthusiasm compromising the presence of his activity as a moneylender. Likewise, Antonio is partial against the Jews and has embarrassed and offended Shylock openly for the two his loaning practices and his religion. This is uncovered when Shylock asks Antonio for what good reason he ought to loan cash to somebody who has, â€Å"†¦rated me/About my funds and my usuances†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1. 3. 117-118) â€Å"You call me doubter, merciless canine/And spet upon my Jewish Gaberdine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1. 3. 121-122). Shylock couldn't fight back the partiality, and needed to endure the maltreatment, â€Å"Still have I borne it with a patient shrug/for fortitude is the identification of all our tribe† (1. 3. 119-120). This depicts Shylock as an individual who is misled and powerless against the preference and bigotry present in that society. Antonio asks that Shylock see the credit not as a loaning of cash to a companion, however â€Å"rather to thine foe,/Who, on the off chance that he break, thou mayst with better face/Exact the penalty† (1. 3. 145-146). Shylock is currently given control over the destiny of the credit, Bassanio’s wanted quest for Portia and the decision of bond for the advance. It is an opportunity for Shylock’s to look for requital from Antonio by and by, yet for a bigger scope Christian culture in general. To additionally propel his position, he addresses Antonio as a companion, â€Å"I would be companions with you, and have your adoration,/Forget the disgraces that you have recolored me with† (1. . 149-150). Shylock’s skeptically conditioned difference in heart toward Antonio makes it understood his faked kinship may, presumably, be spurred by ulterior interests. Now, there is a generous move in the character of Shylock from being that of a casualty to that of a l owlife. Shylock isn't keen on getting minor enthusiasm on target he loans, he needs a recovery and vengeance for himself and his kin which no measure of cash will fulfill for him. The egotistical, avaricious, usurous Jew many need to portray Shylock as is done being guided by a financial signal. He is presently apparently surpassed by a pitiless bleak want for retribution. He has gotten energetically tricky, vindictive and wrathful, â€Å"†¦let the relinquish/Be assigned for an equivalent pound/Of your reasonable tissue, [possibly instead of his somewhat darker Jewish flesh] to be cut off and taken/In what part of your body pleaseth me† (1. 3. 160-163). He uncovers the profundities of his discontent and his craving for retribution when he says, â€Å"I will have the core of him in the event that he forfeit† (3. 2. 125-126). It isn't some time before Shylock gets news from Tubal that some of Antonio’s armada has happened upon adversity and he must choose the option to break his bond. Shylock proclaims, â€Å"I am exceptionally happy of it. I'll torment him, I'll/torment him, I am happy of it† (3. 1. 115-116). The capture of Antonio for inability to opportune compensation his bond hardens what is legitimately owed to and purchased and paid for by Shylock. There is no uncertainty that Shylock has each aim of gathering this grisly bond, his over the top contempt for Antonio gets clear, â€Å"I’ll have my bond. Talk not against my bond. I have made a solemn vow that I will have my bond†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3. 3. 5-6). Shylock has changed from segregated curbed Jew to scorned cash bank to lethal vindictive heathen. During the preliminary scene, Shylock obviously appreciates the anticipated bond which is because of him, he whets his blade on his shoe in the court with the goal that he can, â₠¬Å"cut the relinquishment from [Antonio]† (4. 1. 124). Shylock is unfaltering in his longing. The pound of substance is worth more to him than multiple times the measure of ducats owed. All the more along these lines, he dismisses any intrigue to the perfect authorization of ercy, and accepts to have his bond is legitimately and ethically â€Å"right. † Shylock asks the Duke, â€Å"What judgment will I fear, doing no off-base? † (4. 1. 90) and states, â€Å"I ache for the law† (4. 1. 213). Despite the fact that he is legitimately entitled, Portia attempts to speak to his ethical commitment to show kindness. He isn't moved by this, and prepares to gather his bond. Now, the law is turned on Shylock. Portia discloses to Shylock he may have his bond, however that, â€Å"This bond doth give thee here no scribble of blood†¦if thou dost shed/One drop of Christian blood, thy terrains and merchandise/Are by the laws of Venice confiscate† (4. . 319-324). Shylock, understanding his ideal pound of substance won't be his bond, consents to acknowledge the installment of the ducats. To this, Portia answers, â€Å"The Jew will have all equity. Delicate, no scurry! /He will have only the punishment. † Further, Portia proclaims, â€Å"It is sanctioned in the laws of Venice,/If it be demonstrated against an outsider/That by immediate or circuitous endeavors/He looks for the life of any citizen†¦the offender’s life lies in the benevolence of the Duke. † Shylock is compelled to his knees to ask the Duke for Mercy. He is once more, the â€Å"Jew hound. † His life as it is a physical presence was saved. Shylock, would pick passing over the kindness appeared to him by the Duke and Antonio, he asks the court to, â€Å"Take my life and all† (4. 1. 389). In giving him to keep half of his merchandise, Antonio takes his personality, his religion, his substance. Antonio looks for that Shylock, â€Å"presently become a Christian;/The other, that he do record a blessing,/Here in the court, of all he bites the dust had/Unto his child Lorenzo and his daughter† (4. . 403-406). Life and Christianity have crushed Shylock, they have taken his girl and given him a Christian child to which he will undoubtedly leave all that he claims. Shylock has been deprived of any force he may have once, assuming transiently, had. He has been separated and deprived of his â€Å"merciless† religion. He is not, at this point contemptible, he is forlorn. Shylock advanced and changed as a character, be fore us as a crowd of people similarly as our emotions, recognitions and feelings toward him.

Lisa Bright ; Dark By John Neufeld Essay Example For Students

Lisa Bright ; Dark By John Neufeld Essay Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free preliminary. Date Smarter!LisaBright Dark by John NeufeldJohn Neufeld is the creator of Lisa Bright Dark. He lives and works in New York City nowadays. He was educatedat Yale. His style of composing are normally contacting stories. Discovering data about John Neufeldis very troublesome since the Internet nor the book has given any helpwhatsoever. Lisa Shilling is the principle character ofthis book. She is only sixteen as she gradually loses her psyche. Lisa is quitean case of youngster with issues which is the reason shed be arranged asa genuine character. Her perilous perspective mirrors the realismthat this happens. Her states of mind are perpetually evolving. Lisasmotivation as a youngster is to live her live ordinarily. This is difficult to do since she is in needof assistance. Many can identify with Lisa and her disease since it is among teenagerstoday. Her mom and father censure her off totally neglecting her seriousunstableness. Fortunately, she has companions that care enough to support her. Themain strife of this book is the battle to persuade Lisas guardians thatshe is sick and needs genuine assistance. Her folks didn't focus inthe starting when Lisa began to act somewhat extraordinary. This is ratherunderstandable. Lisa was in school and pricked herself with a needle thatdrew blood. Many revealed to Lisas obstinate guardians that she required a specialist. They just would not acknowledge the way that their little girl was in needof anything. When Lisa even shouted out that she required assistance, they simplywouldnt comprehend. She even strolled directly through a glass window. Herparents didnt comprehend until it was past the point of no return. The contention wasfinally settled after they got her the assistance she needed. This isan case of man refrain himself since the contention manages Lisa fightingher sickness. This book type is about a social issue. This implies thata situation happened in the social territory. For this situation it included Lisa Shillingand her battle with society and her sickness. One case of this social issue wouldbe the way that society, for example, Lisas schoolmates were uneducated abouther issue so they didnt get her. Another model would be howLisas guardians were excessively occupied with their life to see their daughtersplea for help. One more model would be the means by which the educators and guidancetried to check out the issue. Today, a similar social issues are stillfaced. The books them managed dysfunctional behavior and treating it. It wasabout Lisa and her issues. This book indicated that the confounding problemcould be dealt with right similarly as long as she got the correct assistance. Her friendswere the primary individuals to assist her with beating everything. It very well may be seen that thissituation was exceptionally troublesome at that point and now. The lesson of this story is basedon the ailment of a young lady and societys sway on her. It goes to show thatshe was aided and harmed simultaneously. This section got my attention. Its a momentof stun and shock brought about by Lisas disease. This is an abrupt outburstno one was set up for. They dealt with it well under those conditions. Lisa had pushed Elizabeth toward the dyingfire, and had hopped on her in one development. She started hitting Elizabethsface, at that point changed her assault and started punching Elizabeth wherever shecould her sides, her stomach, kicking at her legs, snatching her by hehair. It was unnerving. .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 , .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 .postImageUrl , .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 , .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6:hover , .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6:visited , .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6:active { border:0!important; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6:active , .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2c11e24 b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2c11e24b587a83c9f10d2020222b05b6:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Atomic Bomb EssayThis is the rundown of ten jargon wordsthat I didnt know as I read Lisa Bright Dark. The vast majority of them manage Lisas ailment issome way. 1. schizophrenia : a crazy disordercharacterized by loss of contact with the earth, by observable deteriorationin the degree of working in regular day to day existence, and by breaking down ofpersonality communicated as turmoil of feeling, suspected (as in hallucinationsand fancies), and direct called likewise dementia praecox. 2. compatriot : CONFIDANT particularly :one who is a lady. 3. inner voice : the sense or consciousnessof the ethical goodness or culpability of ones own direct, intentions,or character along with a sentiment of commitment to do right or be acceptable. 4. fixed status : the lack of ability of beingmoved. 5. Mountie : an individual from the Royal CanadianMounted Police. 6. quarry : a precious stone molded sheet of glass,stone, or tile. 7. barbed : bending like an eaglesbeak. 8. investigator : an individual who breaks down orwho is talented in examination. 9. quietly : effectively drove or oversaw :TRACTABLE. 10. barbiturate : any of different derivativesof barbituric corrosive utilized esp. as narcotics, hypnotics, and antispasmodics. TheLinknation Network

Everything You Need To Know About Footnotes

Everything You Need To Know About Footnotes While the rules regarding footnotes vary according to the citation style used, there are two distinct purposes for footnotes:To provide necessary information to text in the form of a citation.To provide supplementary information to text, such as clarifying an idea or expounding on it for further inquiry.Regardless of their purpose, a footnote is usually added to text as a superscript, starting at 1, and with a corresponding number at the bottom of the page (known as the footer) where the citation or additional information is included.See the example below, which shows the superscripted footnote numbers, along with the footnotes and the way they are formatted on the paper. Keep in mind that the gray line is the bottom of the paper, so your footnotes will be printed that close to the end of the page.An example of superscripted footnote numbers.Why are footnotes used?Footnotes are the least intrusive way for an author to provide citations or supplemental information about a topic. In so me cases, such as when using Chicago Style, footnotes are often used instead of in-text citations with a bibliography at the end of the paper. Footnotes allow an author to guide his or her reader to additional information or further study, without disrupting the flow of the sentence.Another great use of footnotes is to define or explain a word or idea that might require further explanation to a general audience. A definition or explanation can be provided within the footnote without any visual or logical disruption in the text.Style guides and footnotesThe Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) requires the use of footnotes instead of in-text citations. Other styles, such as the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological Association (APA) also allow the use of footnotes. However, while CMS requires footnotes for citations and supplemental information, APA and MLA suggest footnote use for supplemental information only.Modern Language Associations (MLA) rules regarding fo otnote useBelow are the rules regarding footnote use in MLA style, taken from the Purdue Online Writing Lab.MLA discourages extensive use of explanatory or digressive notes.MLA Style does, however, allow you to use endnotes or footnotes for bibliographic notes, which refer to other publications your readers may consult.Following are some examples:See Blackmur, especially chapters 3 and 4, for an insightful analysis of this trend.On the problems related to repressed memory recovery, see Wollens 120-35; for a contrasting view, see Pyle 43; Johnson, Hull, Snyder 21-35; Krieg 78-91.Several other studies point to this same conclusion. See Johnson and Hull 45-79, Kather 23-31, Krieg 50-57.Or, you can also use endnotes/footnotes for occasional explanatory notes (also known as content notes), which refers to brief additional information that might be too digressive for the main text:In a 1998 interview, she reiterated this point even more strongly: I am an artist, not a politician! (Weller 124).MLA style has a few additional rules concerning footnote use:For footnotes placed in dependent clauses, such as this one,1 add the number after the comma.Footnotes should follow the period at the end of a sentence.2The only exception to a footnote following the punctuation would be this one3â€"the dash. When a dash is used as punctuation following a word, the footnote connected to that word should come before it.American Psychological Associations (APA) rules regarding footnote useAPA style discourages the use of footnotes and endnotes, according to the Purdue Online Writing Lab, as detailed below.APA does not recommend the use of footnotes and endnotes because they are often expensive for publishers to reproduce. However, if explanatory notes still prove necessary to your document, APA details the use of two types of footnotes: content and copyright. When using either type of footnote, insert a number formatted in superscript following almost any punctuation mark.Footnote numb ers should not follow dashes ( â€" ), and if they appear in a sentence in parentheses, the footnote number should be inserted within the parentheses.Scientists examinedâ€"over several years1â€"the fossilized remains of the wooly-wooly yak.2(These have now been transferred to the Chauan Museum.3).Also keep in mind, when using the footnote function in a word-processing program like Microsoft Word, place all footnotes at the bottom of the page on which they appear. Footnotes may also appear on the final page of your document (usually this is after the References page). Center the word Footnotes at the top of the page. Indent five spaces on the first line of each footnote. Then, follow normal paragraph spacing rules. Double-space throughout:1 While the method of examination for the wooly-wooly yak provides important insights to this research, this document does not focus on this particular species.Chicago Manual of Style rules regarding footnote useThe Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) uses footnotes as the primary way to cite sources. While in-text citations can be used, footnotes are most typical for this style. As with MLA, the footnotes should follow the punctuation unless the punctuation is a dash. There are more specific rules regarding footnote placement and numbering for this style that can be found the Purdue Online Writing Lab.Footnote examples for all style guidesScientists have discovered varied lifeforms in this habitat.6Im allergic to shellfish,7 so lets not order the shrimp.For years, scholars have studied the book carefully8â€"a fact that suggests there has been much effort put into understanding it.

Beaumont Community Players Production of Young Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 622 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? My family attended the production of Young Frankenstein, a theatrical performance produced by the Beaumont Community Players in Beaumont, Texas. This theatrical piece was chosen as a critique because the childrens best friend performed in Young Frankenstein. It was an unusual and interesting performance, but this was performed very well by the cast. Young Frankenstein is a theatrical musical based on the Frederick Frankenstein and he is ashamed to be a Frankenstein, insisting that his name to be pronounced Frankenstein and that he is not a madman but, rather, a scientist. He then lectures his students about the greatest mind of science (The Brain). After learning that he has inherited his grandfathers castle in Transylvania, he is forced to resolve the issue of the property. As Elizabeth Benning, Fredericks fiance, sees him off, it is clear that their relationship is far from physical as Elizabeth enumerates all the lustful situations from which she is abstaining (Please Dont Touch Me). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Beaumont Community Players Production of Young Frankenstein" essay for you Create order The set design is extremely effective, and the black cut out background suggests turrets and a lighted outline added another layer. The sky, with stars and moon, is lovely in its simplicity. Lots of lightening adds to the shows gloomy atmospheric feel. From the contemporary but cartoony set to the black-and-white color scheme that encompasses everything. This musical takes a lot of material directly from the movie, and a lot of the humor is sophomoric, but it is deftly delivered. It was one of the best shows ever seen, so funny, the place was screeching with laughter. The cast was fantastic, especially Igor, and the blind hermit, though the housekeeper, the monster, young Frankenstein and his fiance were also brilliant. The family enjoyed it so much, it was so funny, any individual will want a good laugh than this is the show for them to watch, it will be a great evening! The overall rating on the set design was actually pretty good very small mistakes but not noticeable unless an individual is there to critique it. The cast size was around twenty-five people and the costumes were amazing. The family enjoyed how every individual costume was unique, but Elizabeths red dress was very classy and sexy. The other individuals in the play had a mixture of a German Austrian attire, scientific lab coats, and the cool monster costume that was also a hit. Another cast member that stood out was Inga the lab assistant that wore a very sexy and seductive fitted lab coat and dress that could remind an individual of Dorothy from the Wizard of Oz which was very cute. The actors during this performance were hilarious from the start, great singing, dancing and the sets were great. Particularly enjoyed the dancing where the lights flashed, and the dancers were in the air at the moment of the flash. The cast performance was fantastic, especially Igor, and the blind hermit, though the housekeeper, the monster, Young Frankenstein and his fiance were also brilliant. What a great way to adapt the old classic movie. Every bit is enjoyable, great talented artists and excellent transition into musical format. If any individual liked the movie, then do not miss this show. Young Frankenstein was an amazing theatrical show that lasted about 2Â   hours to watch, they family honestly enjoyed every bit of it. The family wasnt sure of the outcome on how it was going to turn out because not knowing much about it and have not seeing the film, but they were pleasantly surprised. The acting was great, the songs were great and the whole show was really funny. Upon leaving my family asked when they could go back to watch it again and indeed, they sure did, the family watched it twice.

The Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki - 1445 Words

On August 6th and 9th two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The two bombings were the first and only time nuclear weaponry has been used in wartime. These bombs were the first of their kind, developed by the United States, Canada and Great Britain under the research development plan codenamed the ‘Manhattan Project. It is an important issue because there is much controversy over whether or not the atomic bombs should’ve been initially been dropped. Many sides say the bombing was morally wrong because it defied many individual’s human rights, but these people don’t see it was the least violent way to force the Japanese to surrender and bring WW2 to an end. The United States were justified in dropping the atomic bombs on Japan because it finally spread justice for the Japanese atrocious crimes against humanity in the city of Nanking, China, saved many American, British and Japanese lives, and demonstrated American dom inance over the Soviet Union. Finally, the atomic bombings were an effective and justified way to end WW2 and force Japan surrender In 1937 when the Japanese army took over the Chinese city of Nanking they demonstrated barbaric forms of rape, torture, and murder towards Chinese civilians; which justifies the American retribution for firing the atomic bombs on Japan. Moreover, the Japanese people got quick and painless deaths from the atomic bombs whereas the people of Nanking suffered long and cruel methods of diabolicalShow MoreRelatedAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki844 Words   |  4 Pagesdropped atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing nearly 200,000 people. This resulted in Japans surrender in World War II. J. Samuel Walker analyzes this historical event in his book Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs. Over the past 70 years’ extensive research has been conducted and there is an understanding that Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs is inconclusive. It is impossible to determine that the use of the bomb was the quickestRe ad MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1302 Words   |  6 PagesAllies almost one week after being hit with two atomic bombs. On August 6, 1945 during World War II an American B-29 bomber dropped the world s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima, wiping out 90 percent of the city and killing 80,000 people immediately. Three days later a second B-29 dropped another atomic bomb on the Japanese city Nagasaki, killing around 40,000 people. (The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) The Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombings were necessary because it played aRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki884 Words   |  4 PagesFearful cries spread through the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it was measured that 135,000 people were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bo mbs created? Who decided to use them? These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatly. It all started when WorldRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesThe use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II was a controversial decision that was made by President Truman. On August 6, 1945, President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima and three days later a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. It brought an end to the bloody war in the Pacific after 4 years. Making Japan surrender in the face of unimaginable force and significant destruction on Japan’s soil. Nevertheless, Truman’s decisionRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1515 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb in Japan? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed Hiroshima and over 90,000 people were instantly killed in the explosion and an additional 100,000 people perished from burns and radiation sickness. Japan refusedRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1764 Words   |  8 Pagesmake the decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki however, President Truman was ultimately the man who made the final decision to launch ‘Little Boy’ and destroy Hiroshima, Nagasaki and their civilians, thus forcing an end to the war. Although there were many alternatives presented to President Truman, it is unknown as to whether they would have actually succeeded in ending the war or producing less casualties. Truman made the decision to drop these bombs in the heat of war but h is justificationRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1364 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 6th of August 1945 America dropped the atomic bomb by the name of ‘Little Boy’ dropped by the plane ‘Enola Gay’ on the Japanese city, Hiroshima. Three days later on the 9th of August America dropped another bombed called, ‘Fat Man’ on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. A surrender was received and accepted by America on the 15th of August and the war against Japan had ended. Harry S. Truman, the man responsible for dropping the bombs claims it ended the war more efficiently and was in fact theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesDespite the extreme devastation, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. The atomic bomb is a weapon unmatched in warfare, rapidly releasing nuclear energy by fission of atomic nuclei. Desperate times call for desperate measures, which is why America chose to unleash its most deadly weapon, the atomic bomb, on Japan. America, who had already fought in World War II for over four years, had no desire to perpetuate the war. When Japan refused to surrender, America was leftRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different ways in which WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he madeRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1998 Words   |  8 Pagesto drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Joon Jung 2/21/16 Word Count: 1848 Section A: Identification and Evaluation of Sources Research Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed

Recrystallization and Melting Point Determination Free Essays

string(56) " but those mentioned above are typical solvents to try\." Consider what happens when a solid material is placed in a solvent in which it has a low solubility. Not much! A small fraction of the solid will dissolve, but the rest will just sit there. (Actually, it doesn’t just ‘sit there’ since an equilibrium is in effect, with solid molecules going into solution, and an equivalent number of dissolved molecules reforming solid, but we see the same amount of undissolved material). We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystallization and Melting Point Determination or any similar topic only for you Order Now How can we get the entire solid to dissolve? One way is to heat the solution — most materials are more soluble in hot solvent than in cold. Suppose we heat to the boiling temperature of the solvent (the highest temperature which is practical), and the entire solid goes into solution. If we now let the solution cool, what will happen? Obviously, at some temperature, the concentration of solute will exceed its solubility, and the solid will start to come back out of solution – it will crystallize. By the time we return to the initial temperature, nearly all of the original material has formed crystals, which can be removed from the solvent by filtration. Now, suppose that the original solid contained small amounts of impurities. These would go into solution as well, but since the impurities are present only in small amounts, they remain soluble when the temperature is lowered again. Thus, the crystals, which come out of solution, are more pure than the original sample. This is the essence of purification by recrystallization (Fig. 1). [pic] Figure 1: An impure solid in: (A) cold solvent in which it has low solubility, (B) solvent that has been warmed up to dissolve all of the solid, and (C) solvent that has cooled down to the original temperature. The crystallized solid is now pure, while the impurities remain in solution. Recrystallization Recrystallization is the preferred method for purification of organic solids. The technique can be used for large or small quantities of materials, and is usually very effective and efficient. The most important aspect of the recrystallization technique is the selection of the solvent. A large number of solvents are commonly used for recrystallization of organic compounds. Among these are water, ethanol, ethyl ether, and hexane to name just a few. A solvent, which works beautifully for one recrystallization, may be totally unsuitable for purification of a different compound – the choice for recrystallization solvent is made on a case-by-case basis. This is because of the variation of solubility of different organic compounds in these solvents. We can identify a set of characteristics which are desirable for a recrystallization solvent: 1. The substance to be purified must have a high solubility in the solvent at its boiling point, and a significantly diminished solubility at lower temperatures (limited only by the freezing temperature of the solvent). Obviously, the first part is necessary so that you can get the material into solution, and the second part is required so that the purified compound will come back out of solution. 2. The solvent should dissolve the impurities at all temperatures. Actually, its OK if the impurity dissolves readily or doesn’t dissolve at all, as we’ll see. The important point here is that purification will be accomplished only if the impurities remain in solution as the mixture is cooled. This isn’t too hard to accomplish if the amount of impurity is small. Obviously, it’s a bit more difficult if a large amount of an impurity is present, but if the solubility characteristics of the desired substance are sufficiently different from the impurity, as is often the case, a suitable solvent can usually be found. 3. The solvent must not react with the substance to be purified. It’s hard to get your compound to come back out of solution when it is consumed by a reaction. 4. A reasonably volatile solvent is preferred. This consideration is dictated by the need to ultimately remove traces of solvent from the crystals, and this is most easily accomplished by evaporation, either at room temperature or in an oven. Even with an oven to aid in the drying, only moderate temperatures can be used, since you should stay below the melting temperature of the solid, and definitely below temperatures where the material will decompose. Generally speaking, solvents with boiling temperatures below ~150 °C are OK. 5. Ideally, the solvent should be inexpensive, non-toxic, and non-flammable. These are not absolutely required, but desirable characteristics, which can help to determine the choice of a solvent. Obviously, water is an ideal choice based on these criteria, and is the preferred solvent if it satisfies conditions 1-4. How does one go about choosing the proper solvent? If you are dealing with a known compound, it makes sense to use solvents that have been used before. You can go to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (printed or online), and frequently a solvent suitable for recrystallization will be indicated. This may show up in two places: First, in the column headed â€Å"color, crystalline form† is often listed the solvent used to obtain the crystals in question. Otherwise, you can move to the columns near the right-hand side of the page, which deal with solubility. The CRC has changed its presentation of solubility data over the years. For this purpose, the older editions (before 1980) are significantly better than the recent ones. Whereas the new editions simply list solvents in which the compound is soluble, the older ones provide more information, which can be useful in selecting a crystallization solvent. Qualitative indicators for solubility in various solvents range from i (insoluble), d (slightly), s (soluble), to v (very). Especially useful is the fact that some solvents are given two listings, one for hot solvent, the other for cold. What if you are working with a brand-new compound, which is often the case? Here, the only thing to do is try different solvents. The choice of solvents is often more art than science – everybody has their personal favorites based on their own experience, but those mentioned above are typical solvents to try. You read "Recrystallization and Melting Point Determination" in category "Papers" A small amount of the solid is placed in a test-tube and a few drops of cold solvent are added. If the solid dissolves, you can forget this solvent – you need low solubility at low temperature. If the solid remains, so far, so good, but this is only the beginning. Now the sample is warmed to the boiling point. If the solid dissolves, things look good. The next test is to let this solution cool, and to see if nice crystals actually form. If they do, you’re in luck. Further tests with this solvent on larger samples of material can then determine whether the desired degree if purification is achieved, and if the loss of material is acceptable. Sometimes, though, no crystals form. This may be a problem with the rate of crystal nucleation – that event where the first few molecules get together to form the growing crystal. A trick which often works in this case is to take a glass rod and rub vigorously the wall of the test-tube just below the solvent surface. Often, this will stimulate crystal formation, presumably because some of the microscopic scratches serve as nucleation sites. Alternatively, the solution can be ‘seeded’ with a few tiny crystals of the substance (if these are available), and then to allow the solution to stand undisturbed until crystal formation is complete. If no crystals form, you must consider the possibility that the substance is too soluble in this solvent, and the fact that it did not dissolve at first may simply be because it dissolves very slowly. If this is the case, it’s back to the drawing board with a new solvent. A not-uncommon result is for the solute to separate from solution as an oil which will not crystallize. This annoying situation arises particularly for low-melting solids and frequently results when the solution becomes saturated at a temperature higher than the melting point of the solute. A remedy which is often effective is to ensure that separation does not occur until the solution has cooled below this melting temperature, either by using more solvent or by switching to a different solvent. Once this is settled, scratching and/or seeding are often helpful for obtaining crystalline product. Quite often, a single solvent which gives suitable results cannot be identified. In such cases, the use of mixed solvents (solvent pair) is often successful. Two solvents are chosen, one which dissolves the substance readily, and another in which the solute is only sparingly soluble. Note that the two solvents must be completely miscible. The usual procedure is to dissolve the crude solid in the better solvent at its boiling point, and to add the weaker solvent dropwise until a faint cloudiness persists, indicating that the solute is starting to come out of solution. A few drops more of the better solvent are then added to put the solute back into solution, and the mixture is allowed to cool to effect crystallization. Typical solvent pairs are water and ethanol, or hexane and benzene, where the ‘weaker’ solvent is listed first. These mixed solvent systems are interesting — it seems that the solubility characteristics of the better solvent dominate at higher temperatures, while the mixture behaves more like the weaker solvent at lower temperatures. Once the crystallization solvent is chosen, consideration can be given to other features of the crystallization process. The idea is to maximize the recovery of purified compound. Enough solvent must be used to keep the impurities in solution, but if an excessive amount of solvent is used, a large part of the desired compound will remain in solution, and the recovery will be low. For this reason, the minimum amount of hot solvent which will dissolve the desired compound should be used. It is possible to further improve the recovery of material by harvesting a ‘second crop’ of crystals. After the purified crystals have been separated by filtration, the filtrate (called the ‘mother liquor’) is concentrated by evaporation of ~1/2 – 2/3 of the solvent. On cooling, more of the compound will crystallize, and this can be isolated by filtration. The purity of these crystals is generally not as good as the original crop, since the concentration of the contaminants in the mother liquor is always increasing. The proper apparatus for recrystallization is the Erlenmeyer flask. A beaker is not appropriate. The shape of the Erlenmeyer flask allows swirling of the mixture without sloshing, and the conical walls tend to condense and return refluxing solvent. The flask should not be overfilled – about 60% of the listed capacity is the maximum, and so the flask volume should be chosen accordingly. Decolorizing a Solution and Hot Filtration Special problems are posed by insoluble impurities and highly colored, resinous contaminants. The best way to remove insoluble material is to filter the hot mixture, while the desired material is dissolved. Insoluble debris will be trapped on the filter paper. The colored, resinous impurities are usually large, relatively polar organic molecules which have a strong tendency to be adsorbed on surfaces. Crystals grown from solutions containing such resins are often discolored by surface contamination by these materials, and it is therefore desirable to also remove them from the solution before recrystallization. They can be taken care of by addition of a small amount of powdered, activated charcoal (Norit ® or Darco ®, also decolorizing carbon) to the hot solution before filtering. Decolorizing carbon has a huge surface area, and readily absorbs the colored impurities. The hot filtration then removes the charcoal; the filtrate, now free of this contamination, is allowed to cool and deposit crystals. The decolorizing/hot filtration procedure requires some care. First, the addition of the powdered charcoal to hot solvent can cause a vigorous foaming which may result in loss of some of the solution. This can be avoided if the hot solution is allowed to cool for 15-20 seconds, and the charcoal is added cautiously. Only a small amount of charcoal is required — add too much and significant amounts of the desired compound will also be absorbed, and low recovery will result. After addition of the charcoal, the mixture should be heated to a gentle boil for a few minutes, to ensure that any compound which might have precipitated during cooling is brought back into solution. Filtration of the hot mixture must be done rapidly to avoid crystallization of material on the filter paper or in the funnel. The setup depicted in Figure 2 shows how the filter can be kept hot during filtration. The speed of filtration is enhanced by the use of a ‘fluted’ filter paper and a stemless funnel. ‘Fluting’ a filter paper is organic chemistry origami and the process is best demonstrated in person. A fluted paper uses the entire surface area of the filter paper, and therefore filters more rapidly than the conventional conical fold. The stem of a funnel is susceptible to clogging by formation of crystals, so a stemless funnel is used. To minimize crystallization in the filter paper it is common to place a small amount of solvent in the receiving flask, and to heat this to boiling during the filtration. The hot vapors help to keep the filter warm. In addition, it is prudent to use about 10% more than the minimum amount of solvent, to account for evaporation during the heating, and to allow for the small amount of cooling which will occur. Finally, the mixture should be poured onto the filter in small portions which will filter within about 30 s, so that excessive cooling does not occur. The [pic] remainder of the mixture is kept heated until it can be poured on the filter. When all of the solvent has been filtered, it is a good idea to rinse the flask and filter with a small portion of fresh, hot solvent (~5 – 10% of the volume already used). This will help to dissolve and pass through the filter any material which has crystallized. The filtrate should be collected in an appropriately sized Erlenmeyer flask. Some crystals may have formed in the flask by the end of the filtration, but these are often very small and not well formed. They should be dissolved by warming the filtrate. The best crystals are obtained by slow cooling without agitation of the solution. Therefore, the filtrate should be placed in a spot where it can remain undisturbed as it cools. The mouth of the flask may be loosely stoppered, but this is normally not necessary. Crystal growth is normally well along by the time the mixture reaches room temperature. Further cooling in an ice-water bath will cause additional crystallization. Crystals come in a variety of shapes and sizes: long needles, blocky prisms, and flat plates are common. Slow crystal growth not only gives the most pleasing display; the product is generally purer. Too-rapid crystallization generally leads to smaller, more poorly formed (and less pure) crystals. pic] Vacuum Filtration Once crystal formation is complete, the product is isolated by vacuum filtration. This technique permits fast and efficient removal of the mother liquor. A special flat-bottomed funnel (a Buchner funnel) is used in conjunction with a heavy-walled Erlenmeyer flask with a sidearm called a filtering flask. The apparatus is illustrated below (Figure 3). A circle of filter paper, small enough to lie completely flat on the perforated base of the Buchner funnel, but large enough to cover all of the holes, is placed in the funnel, and moistened with a small amount of solvent to hold it in place. With the vacuum on, the cold crystallization mixture is poured as rapidly as possible onto the filter paper. It helps to swirl the flask a few times to loosen the crystals, and with a little bit of skill the entire mixture can be deposited on the filter, with only a few stray crystals adhering to the walls of the flask. The mother liquors are rapidly drawn into the filter flask by suction, and the crystals are squeezed dry of solvent by pressing with a clean cork while drawing air through them. Now, this procedure does not remove all of the mother liquor. Invariably, there is a film of solvent coating the surface of the crystals. Since the mother liquor contains impurities, this must be washed away with fresh solvent. The crystals are washed as follows: the suction is stopped and enough fresh, cold (why? ) solvent is added to just cover the crystals in the funnel (this solvent can be used to rinse the last few crystals out of the crystallization flask). The crystals should be stirred gently with a glass rod or a spatula so that all come in contact with the wash liquid, then the vacuum is restarted and the crystals sucked and pressed dry as before. In some cases, it may be necessary to repeat the wash a 2nd time. Air is drawn through the crystals until they are as dry as possible, at which time they are spread on a watch glass for further drying in the air or in an oven. The steps in recrystallization can be summarized: 1. Dissolve the crude material in a minimum amount of hot solvent. 2. Treat with decolorizing charcoal. 3. Filter hot solution to remove charcoal and other insoluble impurities. 4. Cool to effect crystallization 5. Filter crystals, wash to remove adhering mother liquor. 6. Dry crystals to remove last traces of solvent. Melting Point Determination Once we have purified a solid, how do we establish that the product is, in fact, pure? Undoubtedly, the simplest criterion for purity is determination of the melting point, or more accurately, the melting range. Strictly speaking, the melting point is defined as the single temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid phase of a compound is equal to the vapor pressure of the solid phase, and so the liquid and solid are in equilibrium. These values are actually rather difficult to measure. Much simpler is the determination of the capillary melting range, which, as the name implies, is the temperature interval over which the compound is found to melt. Since, during the melting process, the system is not at equilibrium, this is not identical to the true melting point, but the values are normally very similar. In fact, most of the ‘melting points’ in the literature are actually capillary melting point ranges. An important distinction is that the latter is always presented as a range of two temperature readings, from the temperature where melting is first observable to that where melting is complete. For pure compounds, complete melting normally occurs over a very narrow range, often How to cite Recrystallization and Melting Point Determination, Papers

Generic Community Planning Process Model †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Generic Community Planning Process Model. Answer: Introduction: System thinking is considered to be a multidisciplinary approach that focuses on the constituent of a system which is interrelated over the time within a larger organizational structure. The system thinking approach is considered to be quite different from traditional analysis, which analyses every component of a system by breaking them into independent elements (Haines 2016). This system thinking approach can be implicated in all management field of modern day including economic, medical environment and human resource development alongside with educational system. Unique feature of system thinking is that it can provide special strategy to focus upon interrelationship between different components within a system therefore understanding the relevance of each element within the system. This idea of system thinking can be considered as an essential component in dealing with the challenge of sustainability. With the depletion of natural resources due to over exploitation and increase negative consequences of environmental degradation, most of the modern day business has to maintain the sustainability principles in order to protect the interests of every stakeholder. The sustainability principles are highly important in the global society who are currently facing crisis in both economic and environmental sector. The development of both economy and environment in simultaneous process are considered to be essential feature of advance global society. In the given context the current study will analyze the importance of system thinking in implementing sustainability principles within the modern society. The issue of deforestation will be highlighted alongside, which is another critical factor that is also a major challenge for implementing sustainability principles in mod ern society. According to Xu et al. (2015), the important feature of system thinking is due to its transdisciplinary nature for developing advanced framework and establishing interrelationship. These relationships are generally ignored in the common picture as management theories are implemented in practice. With the approach of system thinking it is possible to develop a common goal for every organizational practice. On the other hand, Mai and Smith (2015), believes that the main unique feature of system thinking is its ability to focus upon individual component within a system rather than establishing interrelationship between different elements. The example of deforestation, which is one of the major issue and challenge for sustainable development practice can be considered to emphasize upon the importance of system thinking in the context of modern day global society. According to Feng et al. (2014), sustainable forest development is an essential Complex system that encompasses the interaction and dynamic development of economy and environment within the society. It can be said that economic development strategies like setting up industries in a nation can have major impact upon the forestry development planning process. This is mainly due to the loss of trees that are caused due to industrial development in the form of deforestation. In order to properly implement the sustainable development strategies it is important to agree upon the Global Forestry Trend and the impact of heavy deforestation that are required for industrial growth. It is important to consider important factors such as forest canopy density, forest degra dation and essential pattern in the process of deforestation that leads to loss of natural resources. These components are highly essential in the system thinking process of economic and environmental development (Feng et al. 2014). Alongside this, another element in the system thinking process of deforestation and environmental growth is the component of global warming and increase level of air pollution. Forest development programmed mainly aims to reduce the total amount of carbon footprint that is emitted due to all modern industrial activities. Few of the essential features of Sustainable forest growth includes considering ecological engineering plan, which can be implicated while developing any modern industry in Forestry area. The component of system thinking along with system dynamics can help to elaborate the ideas of Sustainable forest development alongside with industrial growth by considering and integrating the ideas that are associated with the same. According to Broman and Robrt (2017), the process of systemization is highly essential in context of including system thinking process. It is possible to establish connectivity between different components of forest management with the help of systemization. For example, the loss of large canopy trees within the forest through deforestation can have direct impact upon all small weeds and plants that are an essential component of forest ecosystem. Hence by implementing system thinking process it is possible to better understand the complex ecosystem nature within a forest. The loss of animal Habitat that is associated with deforestation can also be estimated by integrating different components. In case of large tree deforestation, the component and habit at loss can be measured by estimating the total number of animal species, who are currently directly or indirectly associated with the products of large tree (Greenpeace European Unit 2018). It is important to note that every subsystem within the forest ecosystem is not relatively independent but are interdependent on each other for all biological activities. All the components are therefore, directly and indirectly interrelated with dynamic components of biological activities that goes on in a forest ecosystem. Gaziulusoy (2015), has mentioned about the scientific integrity that can identify the hidden interconnection between different components of forest ecosystem. Hence, the system thinking process also considered the scientific factors in order to estimate the loss of the environment that are caused due to high level of deforestation. Implementation of Complex system dynamics and system thinking also involves the component of collecting proper necessary relevant data. This is highly crucial for understanding the context of implementing sustainable development plan of Forestry management and industrial growth. With the help essential data that analyzed through the multidisciplinary nature of system thinking, it is possible to understand the impact of deforestation and industrial growth has on each other on the global society. It is also important to note that different communities within the global society will encounter different impact, which can vary due to their lifestyle habits. For example, deforestation can have detect negative impact on the people residing in rural and tribal regions as they are highly dependent upon natural resources that are obtained from the forests. On the other hand, population residing in the urban region can have indirect impact that may cause due to health issues of increase volume of air pollution. The transparency that can be maintained with the help of system dynamics is another important feature of the same. This method can help in perfect evaluation system that is needed for perfect understanding of the complex dynamics within a system. The main positive impact of higher levels of transparency within the system thinking can be evaluated with the accurate demand levels within the forest ecosystem. The further levels of reliability can be obtained with the transparency. In order to improve upon the value of reliability, it is possible to understand the importance of feasibility of the sustainable developmental plan that is implemented (Popa et al. 2015). For this purpose, it is important to understand the important to understand the operability of the forest management plan. The index system that is another important component of the system critical thinking can help in the process of collecting reliable data from the relevant sources. There are few index systems that failed to provide the higher end learning and information that are needed for better levels of understanding within the system. On the accounts of the index system, it is possible to understand the reliability of the data that are needed to develop a sense of the accuracy that are being included within the system thinking process (Feng et al. 2014). The comparability of the evaluation plan is also needed to better levels of understanding about the system components that are essential part within the system. This is highly essential in comparing the different statistical values that are related with the forestry management system. The different values can help to represent the variation within the reflective practices that are being implemented within the system of forest construction work. Hence, it is essential to compare the different types of indexes that are required for the sustainable development planning. According to Robrt et al. (2017), the flow of information that are mentioned within the system thinking and system flow diagram of the forest sustainable plan strongly suggest that there are essential components of the with the forestry management plan are mutually related with economic growth. Each objective within the forest management plan has unique features for development of both economy and environment within the society. Qualitative assessment is needed for evaluation of each objective that can be assessed depending upon the outcomes of each objective. Hence, it will therefore be possible to implement the components of system thinking that are required to assess the impact of applying the forest management plan upon the economic social development. Use of specific data related to the integrity of the forest management plan is needed for proper scientific evaluation of the forest management plan. Cebrin and Junyent (2015), have mentioned that like any other problem solving approach, the major drawbacks of the system thinking approach is due to its fundamentalist nature. Every kind of business and management related problems are extended that can be a major challenges in the path of high end development. In many cases, there is lack of legitimacy in the matters of problem solving that can even threaten the management solutions in each case. Nevertheless, the system thinking approach is one of the effective ways that can help to diagnose the issues that are considered the major hindrances for the sustainable development (Harvard Business Review 2018). Consumerism is one of the traditional challenges in the path of sustainable development as it stimulates higher levels of production within business. It can also be said that the economic growth and aggressive business activity are the major causes of sustainability challenges. This leads to the aggressive marketing strategies tha t are aimed in convincing the customer for buying certain products. The resource scarcity is one of the major concerns that are associated with all these aggressive business strategies. With the help of the system thinking approach, it is possible to bring about coordination and partnership between the different levels of stakeholders within the business. There are nevertheless, high levels of shortlisted issues that can arise due to the partnership with the diverse group of stakeholders. The chance of facing intense conflict between the different groups of stakeholders due to their difference in the area of interests is intense. Hence, with improper application of the system thinking approach, the risks of organizational conflict is increased (Fiksel et al. 2014). The three parts of the system test can be applied to define the importance of system thinking. The initial primary part the application understands the importance of adopting of the same in the context of the current situation both in the economical and environmental purpose. The second part works to understand the importance and detailed characteristics of each element within the system. The final parts establish the interrelationship between each of the element (Fiksel et al. 2014). The sustainability challenges needs to be dealt with different approaches that are easily approachable by with the interests groups of the stakeholders. Hence, in the concluding note, it can be said that as traditional approach of dealing with the issues of sustainability can cause higher level of challenges. In order to establish inter-relationship between different elements of society, the ideas of systemic thinking approach can be used. In order to deal with the issues of deforestation that is major challenges in the pathway of forestry management, the system thinking approach can help to balance the ideas of economic and environmental development. In spite of its drawbacks due to the increasing risks of conflict with the stakeholders, the systemic thinking approach can attempt to simplify the complex ecosystems that are associated within the forestry management. Essential relevant information can also be judged and evaluated using the quantitative approach. This makes it possible to inter-relate the essential data that are collected from each element within the system. In case of the forestry management, the essential data can he lp to ensure that all the respective stakeholders interest are protected for better level of growth of the global society with sustainability approaches. Reference Broman, G.I. and Robrt, K.H., 2017. A framework for strategic sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, pp.17-31. Cebrin, G. and Junyent, M., 2015. Competencies in education for sustainable development: Exploring the student teachers views. Sustainability, 7(3), pp.2768-2786. Feng, H., Lim, C.W., Chen, L., Zhou, X., Zhou, C. and Lin, Y., 2014. Sustainable deforestation evaluation model and system dynamics analysis. The Scientific World Journal, 2014. Fiksel, J., Bruins, R., Gatchett, A., Gilliland, A. and Ten Brink, M., 2014. The triple value model: a systems approach to sustainable solutions. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16(4), pp.691-702. Gaziulusoy, A.I., 2015. A critical review of approaches available for design and innovation teams through the perspective of sustainability science and system innovation theories. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, pp.366-377. Greenpeace European Unit. (2018). NGO statement on deforestation. [online] Available at: https://www.greenpeace.org/eu-unit/en/Publications/2018/NGO-statement-on-deforestation/ [Accessed 16 Apr. 2018]. Haines, S., 2016. The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press. Harvard Business Review. (2018). Why Social Ventures Need Systems Thinking. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2016/07/why-social-ventures-need-systems-thinking [Accessed 16 Apr. 2018]. Mai, T. and Smith, C., 2015. Addressing the threats to tourism sustainability using systems thinking: A case study of Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(10), pp.1504-1528. Popa, F., Guillermin, M. and Dedeurwaerdere, T., 2015. A pragmatist approach to transdisciplinarity in sustainability research: From complex systems theory to reflexive science. Futures, 65, pp.45-56. Robrt, K.H., Born, S., Ny, H. and Broman, G., 2017. A strategic approach to sustainable transport system development-Part 1: attempting a generic community planning process model. Journal of cleaner production, 140, pp.53-61. Xu, L., Marinova, D. and Guo, X., 2015. Resilience thinking: a renewed system approach for sustainability science. Sustainability Science, 10(1), pp.123-138.

10 Interesting Facts About New Orleans

10 Interesting Facts About New Orleans New Orleans is the largest city in the United States state of Louisiana with a 2008 population of 336,644 people. The New Orleans Metropolitan area, which includes the cities of Kenner and Metairie, had a 2009 population of 1,189,981 which made it the 46th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Its population dropped dramatically after Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent severe flooding hit the city in 2005.The City of New Orleans is located on the Mississippi River in southeastern Louisiana. The large Lake Pontchartrain also lies within the city limits. New Orleans is most well known for its distinctive French architecture and French culture. It is famous for its food, music, multicultural events and the Mardi Gras festival held in the city. New Orleans is also known as the birthplace of jazz.The following is a list of 10  important geographic facts about New Orleans. The City of New Orleans was founded under the name La Nouvelle-Orlà ©ans on May 7, 1718, by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville and the French Mississippi Company. The city was named after Phillipe dOrlà ©ans, who was Frances head of state at the time. In 1763, France lost control of the new colony to Spain with the Treaty of Paris. Spain then controlled the region until 1801, at which time, it was passed back to France.  In 1803 the region encompassing New Orleans and surrounding areas was sold by Napoleon to the United States with the Louisiana Purchase. The city then began to grow considerably with a variety of different ethnicities.After became a part of the United States, New Orleans also began to play a large role in international relations as it developed into a large port. The port then played a role in the Atlantic slave trade but also the exportation of different commodities and the importing of international goods for the rest of the nation up the Mississippi River.Thr oughout the rest of the 1800s and into the 20th century, New Orleans continued to grow rapidly as its port and fishing industry remained important for the rest of the country. In the end of the 20th century, growth in New Orleans continued but planners became aware of the citys vulnerability to flooding after erosion of wetlands and marshes. In August 2005, New Orleans was hit by the category five Hurricane Katrina and 80 percent  of the city was flooded after a failure of the citys levees. 1,500 people died in Hurricane Katrina and much of the citys population permanently relocated.New Orleans is located on the banks of the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain about 105 miles (169 km) north of the Gulf of Mexico. The total area of the city is 350.2 square miles (901 sq km).The climate of New Orleans considered humid subtropical with mild winters and hot, humid summers. The average July high temperature for New Orleans is 91.1 °F (32.8 °C) while the average January low is 43.4 °F (6.3 °C).New Orleans is known for its world-famous architecture and areas like the French Quarter and Bourbon Street are popular areas for tourists. The city is one of the top ten most visited cities in the U.S.The economy of New Orleans is based largely on its port but also on oil refining, petrochemical production, fishing and th e service sector related to tourism. New Orleans is home to two of the largest private universities in the United States- Tulane University and Loyola University New Orleans. Public universities like the University of New Orleans are also within the city.

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Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance - Assignment Example d) A separate WACC should be calculated based on the project and the costs of the different components of capital and the percentage of each component of capital that is used. Therefore, different weights would be used based on the weights expected to be used for the relevant project Question 2 – Component Cost of Preferred stock a) Western can deduct interest on its debt while there are no similar deductions for dividends. This is so because interest is allowable as a deduction for tax purposes while dividends on common or preferred stocks are not allowable as deductions for tax purposes. b) Given the difference in bond ratings between the utility subsidiaries and the unregulated subsidiary the various units have different costs of preferred stock. The one with the higher bond rating would have the lower cost and the one with the lower bond rating the highest cost. The utility subsidiaries and the unregulated subsidiaries would have different levels of operating risks c) The value at close should be used or the average of the highest and the lowest bid..

Sports Medicine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sports Medicine - Research Paper Example The field of sports medicine has a long history dating back to the ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks. A close analysis of the Greek society reveals that there was a close association between medicine and sports as athletes sought to remain healthy. In the modern world, a similar close association does exist as athletes and players need to maintain healthy bodies if they are to register outstanding performance in the different sports (Brukner and Khan 67). For several centuries, doctors have exhibited interest in not only treating sports injuries, but also helping the sports people to prepare for different activities. In the modern era, sports medicine is a highly developed field that focuses on helping athletes and sportsmen prevent injuries. Additionally, sports medicine seeks to offer therapy and rehabilitation to players who sustain injuries. This paper will focus on discussing sports medicine, its role in the modern world, as well as the different types of professionals who f all under this branch of medicine. The paper will also place emphasis on the need for an evidence-based approach in sports medicine to make it more effective. Sports medicine adopts a multidisciplinary approach to delivering health care to individuals who actively practice in exercise and sports. Therefore, sports medicine brings together expertise from different healthcare professionals all with the purpose of promoting the well-being of people actively involved in the exercise. Some organizations that are actively involved in sports medicine include; The American College of Sports Medicine, The American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine, The American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine, The National Strength and Conditioning Association, as well as The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. Other international organizations include the International Federation of Sports Medicine and the International Counsel of Sports Science and Physical Education. All

Implementing A Successful E Commerce Proposal Information Technology Essay

Implementing A Successful E Commerce Proposal Information Technology Essay The purpose of the assignment is to implement a successful ecommerce proposal for an upcoming fashion designer in United Kingdom. The fashion designer graduated from a well known fashion university and received two awards for her collection. She has been working since 5 years for other designers and plus working on independent designing of designer wear for women. The fashion designer would now like to setup her own business to promote her talent globally. The proposal suggests taking an e-commerce approach. Starting your own fashion e-business in the country is quite promising as fashion is a growing and an important industry in the United Kingdom. It was always known for its trends and creativeness. It has evolved from a domestic manufacturing industry into a design led industry. The fashion designing industry benefits from high turnover of new and exciting designers, innovation, competitive looks and styles(Nathan,2009) As per (Marketing Week, 2009) suggests that the online retail industry can be perceived as a rather complicated means of establishing a business. However in comparison with traditional ways of setting up retail business, electronic medium provide instant access to considerably larger geographical span of target market at a very low setup and operational cost. The proposal will highlight the opportunities of using e-commerce as a solution for the growth of the fashion designers business. 2.1 E-Commerce E-commerce has made it possible to communicate with people and carry out transactions any time of the day at the customers ease. It is beneficial for the companies to acquire access to the global markets and compete easily with larger similar markets. Shopping online creates a virtual store for the customers to purchase the products and services therefore use of online retail in fashion is growing all over the world. United Kingdoms fashion industry is participating with optimism in e-commerce. According to (National Statistics,2009) businesses in the online retail sector showed the largest rise in sales by 106.6bn pounds in 2008 compared to other sectors (travelling, wholesale and real-estate) When evaluating the importance of online business in an organization, it is useful to identify the different types of e-commerce transactions. One of them is sell-side e-commerce. As per (Napier et al,2005), sell-side e-commerce involves transactions with selling products to an organizations customers. Sell-side ecommerce provides many different types of websites. A typical transactional e-commerce website is a site which enables purchase of products online and also to give them an option of purchasing in standalone stores (Chaffey, 2007) .Most of the fashion businesses use transactional e-commerce websites so that the customers have the preference of either buying their items online or offline. 2.2 Opportunities for Using Sell-side E-commerce There has been a revolution in the way fashion companies are using different tactics and offering their products and services to the online consumers. Paul Smith a designer based in London launched his first online shopping website in 2009, based on B2C model. European customers are able to access the website, soon it will be extended to international market (Lepper,2009). New fashion designers have started opening their online shops in ebay following the C2C model. They are selling their products without any middleman. This is a good way to start up their initial business at less cost and exposure to the international markets (Bora,2010) and (Chaffey, 2007) suggests that using sell-side e-commerce consists of many other advantages which will be discussed below Sell-Side E-commerce can reach the customers globally. It enables the companies or individual to reach their customers worldwide. Small companies can also reach their target audience and maintain global relationships without the restriction of finance. Time is not a constraint in e-commerce business. Many companies benefit from the fact that one can do business online 24/7. It has been cost effective for many online stores. Opening and maintaining stand alone stores can be very costly. The online store cuts down the sales force, utility bills and other operating cost that is present in offline stores. Customers database can be easily stored and maintained online. Tracking the regular customers is easy. One can send regular newsletters, emails, vouchers about the products and services to customers who want the information. Their information can be stored when they register and automatic updates can be sent to them via email. This helps in retaining customers. Payments online makes transaction easier and quick. Sales are processed more quickly and effectively The highlighted benefits show that e-commerce has changed the way consumers shop. Consumers and sellers both have the benefit of selling and purchasing online at their own time and leisure. The technology has changed the behaviour of shopping for customers where they can save time and the options of choosing from variety of products. It goes on to show that e-commerce will be here for a long time and continuously grow as well. 3.1 Implementation of E-Commerce Proposal Online fashion retail business in UK is a demand driven growing industry. There are more than 50 websites set up by entrepreneur fashion designers in the country to promote their small businesses worldwide. (Pendle,2008). Building a flourishing site on the internet is every bit as hard as creating a challenging store environment. Like stand alone stores, online stores have to be created to display successful shopping experience for the customers. Yet online retailers have to address the complications arising from the unpredictable behaviour of customers and development of competitors websites. According to (Chaffey,2007) Many companies have dealt with these problems and moved in the online world by applying blogging and choosing solution providers that best suits their company, overcoming the limitations of e-commerce and following the laws in a proper manner. The fashion designer could start the e-commerce business slowly with the help of blogging. Not only established designers but the small or individual companies have adopted this approach to start their own business online. Starting a blog could also start the awareness to audience. Online fashion media is growing and blogging is a big part of it. Fashion bloggers are becoming more famous than the press itself. The thing with bloggers is that the companies have no control over it. Anyone can write about anything on the internet. (Copping, 2009) suggests the most of the bloggers are young and not consumers of designer brands. Yet they are uncontrollable and designers are learning to deal with it. Also many famous designer companies such as Gucci paid a group of fashion bloggers to create the extra hype and awareness of a fashion show held in Paris. Louis Vuitton was the first to use facebook to broadcast a catwalk show live. Meanwhile Dolce Gabana streamlined its fashion event directl y on youtube. Thus it can be said that blogging is becoming interesting and insightful in the fashion world. Even few customers visiting and discovering the identity through the blogs could recommend their friends and families and promote the business. After she gets recognised in the market, she can start her own small website and build on it when the company starts growing. Launching the website can be done through a limited budget and when the company picks up on sales, hiring proper marketing agents and solution providers to ensure that the designer gets all her potential clients shopping on the website. Community websites can be very effective to promote such young and talented designers. They dont really have to open their own web site to sell products which would require large amount of investment, but the designer can use community websites like facebook and wordpress. (Cave,2009) suggests that broadband of UK plays a big role in easy and reliable access for customers online. Although there are companies available who are working hard to facilitate fast internet connections such as BT in UK but they should focus more on making internet safe for the consumers by using security checks in websites and with the help of banks make sure that the payment cards used online are made by the authenticated user such as 3D secure. The designer should capitalize on the commercial opportunities and choose the right solution provider to provide its customers with optimum security via internet shopping The designer could incorporate m-commerce software in the website so the consumers of UK can shop easily anytime of the day. As per (Napier et al,2005) increasing popularity of wireless communication and handheld devices, have led to mobile-commerce. It is the process of buying and selling goods through wireless technology. Customers are increasingly using mobile communication as an option to browse the internet. Making the website accessed from mobile phones can be useful for fashion companies targeting worldwide customers. The above points highlights that the designer should start her business slowly by using free community websites and blogging to establish her identity and then move forward in launching an online business with adding in m-commerce to increase more customers. This could be an opportunity for her to become a successful online fashion designer. 3.2 Issues to be Addressed Sell-Side E-commerce like any other business consists of some issues that are important to identify. These drawbacks can bring hesitation among people to use the internet freely. Many developing countries still restrict themselves to shop online and prefer going to the stores for the products. Trust is the main issue in online shopping. Customers are sensitive and reluctant in giving their financial information online if it is not a secure website. Many people dont feel secure in doing transactions online as e-commerce can be prone to security fraud. Credit card fraud has been increasing these days, discouraging the consumers from shopping online. (Bora,2010) Another limitation that e-commerce consist of is updating the product information from time to time. Maintaining the customer orders and website is also very crucial in online business. This can be time consuming and tiring for companies. Privilege of feeling and touching the product is not available in e-commerce websites. Some customers feel less satisfied in ordering the product before examining it properly. Setting up an e-business is purely dependant on technology. Knowledge of IT is important in running a business especially for individuals and small companies. If technology fails, company has to be very vigilant of the backup as there will be no other substitute. Also delivery of the products can take a longer time and it may result in a wrong order. This discourages the customer in buying product from the same company again or in the worst case shopping online altogether. Due to the some of the limitations of technology identified above of trust issues over security on internet, e-commerce is still not accepted and used in many countries but no doubt that when it comes to UK customers are more confident in shopping online by secure means and having trust over online companies. 4.1 Conclusion The technical aspects of ecommerce and its importance in establishing online businesses in the UK provided interesting findings concerning e-commerce and their organizations. UK e-commerce is common and consumers prefer it due to convenience, secure payment systems, different variety of choices available and it fits their demands and requirements. The given proposal will be beneficial for the fashion designer in many ways such as: The profit margin will increase immensely. One good thing about e-commerce in fashion industry is that it is a good opportunity for companies to invest in online websites in this recession period. This will help the designer in cutting down the high budgets spent in stores and as it is becoming common that every company is going online, the future of e-commerce would be bright for the designer. One of the benefits would be able to compete in the market. To be competitive in the market, sales and different promotions have to be set not only in stores but online as well to get more customers to browse the website. An advantage to companies who have online websites as they offer flexibility to its shoppers to shop 24/7 a day from work or home, this would generate more revenue for the business As there are many protection plans for e-commerce websites in the UK, these laws and secure mediums provide safety to the consumers and are it offers the small organizations to compete with global industries easily. Due to these legal protections for newly established e-commerce sites, care is taken for the businesses to protect the customers who in turn shop with confidence online. Indication of the time period Market research will take approximately 6 weeks Marketing will take 2 weeks Design and website development will take one month Maintenance will be ongoing Therefore the whole project plan will take approximately 3 months to complete while its maintenance and fixes will be in progress taken care by solution provider chosen.

Impression of the Culture Essay

Prior to working in government, I worked in the private sector. In comparison of the two cultures, I realize that politics exist in both cultures and it is a game that I really do not like to play. My impression of the two cultures leave a lot to be desired in the sense that I am one who is not afraid of hard work; I am always committed to the job. However, working in the private sector gave me a greater sense of satisfaction: I could prioritize my work and get things done; there was less bureaucracy. I could determine what was good for the organization, share it with my management who respected what I brought to the table and implement a cohesive strategy that would benefit the organization. Working in government you have to be prepared and committed to the policies that sometime prevent you from completing your job.(i.e. public interference and internal obstacles) in addition to working with people who do not share the same ideals as you. The government mentality of being a paper pusher was a concept that I fight with myself constantly about. My first few years in government, I went above and beyond what was expected of me because I did not like the feeling of being â€Å"unresponsive†. Working in government I now see what the mentality is all about. I as an individual am not a paper pusher; I am a results driven hard worker who wants to see the results of my hard work; however, being in government you do not control what gets accomplished by your work ethic’ you only control what is expected of you: meaning â€Å"I do what I am supposed to do† however what road the journey takes does not depend on me it depends on who is going to benefit from the fruits of my labor. The positive side of the two cultures: Private Sector gives you room to grow based on your commitment to work, There is less beauracy to deal with and most are working toward the same goal. In government, when you are given a task, th e positive side is that you know it is for the good of the mass and you can envision the end result.

Fret and Regret

Case-1 Fret and Regret 1. Explain in detail using concepts from the course what the problem Ian is faced with. Ian has 2 major problems; he doesnt want to use Iphone 4S instead of Galaxy S2 and he doenst want to broke Molly’s heart. First problem is about his personal taste and desires. Ian thinks that with Galaxy S2 he can benefit from extra technological advantages such as 4g, extra storage and computer remote contrale. This shows that in Ian’s opinion Galaxy S2 has better quality rather than Iphone 4S. Another reason about Ian’s preferance is Galaxy S2 has bigger screen.So in his opinion Galaxy S2 is more succesfull than Iphone about designing. In terms of technology and design Galaxy S2 seems more attractive to Ian. The fact is that these two smart phones both have comparative advantages to each other and price is the same. At this point, personal taste becomes important and that is why Ian prefers Galaxy S2. Second problem is about ethics. Molly bought expen sive, usefull and one of the best smart phones; Iphone 4S to make Ian happy. She sacrifised her money and time in order to give perfect present. So if Ian exchanges the phone that would make her sad and her efforts would be in vain. . Should Ian change the phone or keep the phone? Again use as many concepts from the course as are relevant. Ian’s consumer behaviour depends on; brand, his personality, his girlfriend and technology. According to the case if he only considers brand and technology his choice would be Galaxy S2 for sure. But if he considers all of these points and gathers more information, rational choice would be Iphone 4S. For that reason Ian should keep the phone. He didnt give Iphone 4S enough credit and he admitted that he has distaste for apple products; proof of prejudice.Also Ian didnt do enough market research so he has some wrong informations about Iphone 4S’s technology. You can have computer remote apps and extra storage options unlike Ianâ€℠¢s claims. Before buying new products, awareness, interest, evaluation, trial and adoption should be the process. Ian skipped trial and evaluation parts and only paid attention to interest. While purchasing expensive and to be used for a long time products these steps shouldnt skip. Bigger screen and some extra features directed him to want Galaxy S2. But he also stated that these phones are identical in terms of functionality.Ian realised he needs a phone and briefly searched for Galaxy S2. He was in the second step of the buyer decision process. He should have asked his Iphone 4S and Galaxy S2 user friends, get more information and try Galaxy S2 before making final decision. Since there is no time left for evaluating alternatives, he should keep Iphone 4S and doesnt make sad Molly. If he exchanges the phone he might regret from Galaxy S2 and also broke his girlfriends heart. So instead of taking those risks, he should continue with the phone which he started to get used to.

Leadership Styles Of Starwood Hotels - 1617 Words

Leadership Styles Within Starwood A customer contact center (CCC), is a dynamic, diverse and powerful support component, working behind the scenes for Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. Starwood is a fully integrated owner, operator and franchisor of hotels, resorts and residences, including a vacation ownership segment (starwoodhotels.com, n.d.). Their hotel brands include: Westin, Sheraton, W Hotels, Aloft, Element, LeMeridien, Four Points by Sheraton, The Luxury Collection and St. Regis (starwoodhotels.com, n.d.). With an estimated market value of nearly twelve billion dollars, comprised of ten brands in over one hundred countries, offering 1,270 properties, with over 180,000 employees, this company has a huge presence on the world stage. Like any company competing to stay in the lead, Starwood faces number of challenges, including leadership. For the purpose of this paper, we will take a closer look at leadership styles, specific to Starwood Hotels Resorts customer contact center loc ated in Cork, Ireland. This call center is strategically placed and handles a multitude of services and work, including incoming calls, e-mail correspondence inquires and reservation requests, Platinum concierge services and even customer service complaints from around the globe, with a primary focus on Europe, Asia and the Middle East (EAME). The employees represent over fifty countries, offering customer service in twelve languages from this customer contactShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Starwood Hotels And Resorts1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe life and growth of Starwood Hotels and Resorts is unique. There are nine different characteristics of Starwood that make the hotel chain unique. 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Latest company results are good, demonstrating an average RevPar index of 110 (1) over the last four years however the competitors are not standing still. Day‘s Inn offer free breakfast and new competitors like Premier Inns are expanding globally. GLO and VIB are helping expanding the brand but more must be done to convince the public that Best Western is not merely a budget hotel chain. In addition newcomers like AirbnbRead MoreChanging Consumer Demand for International Hospitality Products1636 Words   |  7 Pagesgives some example of legislation, like various types of taxation and legislated methods of collection, city ordinances and zoning, health codes and inspectors, building code, etc. Consider the opening of China. This led to many opportunities for hotels as consume r travel more and their demand increased. An article (2003) published by the Hong Kong Trade Development Council stated that a war will inevitably affect consumer sentiment. 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